When speech-language pathologists talk about a child's language, we split it into two parts: what they understand, and what they can express. Knowing the difference helps you make sense of your child's strengths and struggles — because a child can be strong in one and behind in the other.
What is receptive language?
Receptive language is understanding — following directions, answering questions, pointing to named objects, grasping concepts like “in” and “under.” It usually develops ahead of expressive language; children understand far more than they can say.
What is expressive language?
Expressive language is using language to communicate — words, sentences, gestures, facial expression, and (for some children) communication devices. It's how a child gets their ideas out into the world.
Signs of a receptive delay
- Trouble following simple directions for their age.
- Doesn't seem to understand questions or common words.
- Difficulty pointing to named pictures or objects.
- Seems “tuned out” when spoken to (after hearing is ruled out).
Signs of an expressive delay
- Fewer words than expected, or not combining words by age 2.
- Relies on gestures or pointing instead of words.
- Short, simplified sentences, or trouble finding words.
- Frustration when trying to make themselves understood.
A child can have a receptive delay, an expressive delay, or both. An evaluation sorts out which — and that shapes the right therapy.
Not sure where your child's language stands? An evaluation gives you a clear answer.
How therapy helps
Once we know whether the challenge is understanding, expressing, or both, therapy targets it directly through play-based, individualized sessions — plus home strategies so progress carries over. Speech therapy requires a referral from your child's primary care provider (faxed to 901-589-9001).